DESTA
Destabilization, Terrorism & Disinformation
Reprinted with Permission.
A Northern Newsletter of Threat Analysis
Volume VIII, No.1
January - February 2000
Editor: Mr. Bertil Haggman, LL.M., author, Sweden
E-mail: bertil.haggman@helsingborg.se
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IN THIS ISSUE
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The East German Intelligence (Staatssicherheitsdienst/STASI)
and Scandinavia.
Introduction - Sweden - Denmark - Norway
The Russian Intelligence Problem
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Introduction
This issue of DESTA will be devoted wholly to the activities
of the East German STASI in Scandinavia. Stasi operated
in mainly the two NATO-countries Denmark and Norway and
in non-aligned Sweden. Finland seems more have been
the responsibility of Soviet KGB and GRU. For many years
it was rather quiet concerning the extensive files on STASI
activity in the Nordic countries but during the last years of
the final decade of the 20th century things started happening.
Journalists and academics studied the files made available
by the Gauck Archive in Berlin. This issue of DESTA will be
a short overview of what has happended mainly since 1999 in this
field.
Sweden
It was not until early 2000 that information appeared in Swedish
media on Swedish Stasi agents. A question was put to the
Justice Minister Laila Freivalds in parliament and she had to
admit that investigations were ongoing. Around 20 cases were
pending according to Freivalds but prosecutors had seen no reason
to prosecute. It had not been, so Freivalds, possible to establish
criminal activity and besides statute of limitation was applicable.
New material might come to light so there was reason for the
Swedish counter-intelligence police (SAPO) to continue investigations.
One can have certain doubts in the sincere interest of a government
of socialists, communists and greens to pursue the investigations
with vigour.
In February, however, Norwegian newspapers revealed the codenames
and backgrounds, but not the names, of several Swedish Stasi agents:
1. "Schuster", who was recruited in 1962. He reported
and delivered
secret material from Sweden's Embassy in Bonn. One report from
1984 was on trade exchange between the German Democratic Republic
(GDR) and Sweden. One week later it was to be the basis for trade
negotiations between the two countries.
2. "Engelmann" was recruited by Stasi in 1960. Is
probably a Swede.
In 1984 he provided Stasi with information on plans for protection
against chemical warfare. This agent sometimes posed as a priest
and helped infiltrate church opposition to the regime in GDR.
3. "Magdalena" was recruited in 1979 and reported
on trade between
GDR and Sweden.
4. "Pionier" reported on Swedish, Brazilian and Portuguese
connections
with Mozambique (then a communist ally of East Germany).
5. "GK" was recruited in 1963. During six years he
reported on East
German refugees in Sweden. He later returned to GDR and was
sentenced to three years imprisonment there.
6. "Schneller" was active since 1968. He provided
Stasi with info
on Swedish disarmament initiatives.
7. "Krone" spied for Stasi since 1980. He reported
very personal
information on Premier Olof Palme (who was assassinated in 1986),
which means that he probably was close to Palme.
8. "Martin" was recruited as late as 1986. He reported
on Swedish
contacts with Namibia and SWAPOs activities in Scandinavia.
9. "Kiesling" was an agent since 1982. His area was
Swedish
peace organizations and their cooperation with similar movements
in the Warsaw Pact countries.
10. "Segel" since 1970 reported on Swedish security policy.
11, "Dom" was recruited 1985 and specialised in infiltrating
Swedish anti-apartheid solidarity groups in Sweden.
Markus Wolf, head of East German intelligence, recently
visited Stockholm and claimed that Stasi had contacts
with two or three Swedish members of parliament. Wolf
claimed that Denmark and Norway were more important
targets for Stasi, as they were NATO members. But Sweden,
due to bad border security, was often used for meetings
between Stasi officials and agents in Western Europe.
Denmark
In 1996 two journalists in Denmark, Mette Herborg and
Per Michaelsen, published a revealing book on
Stasi contacts and agents in Denmark (_Stasi og
Danmark_, Lyngby: Holkenfeldt). In 1999 they continued
their work to reveal the secrets of East Berlin activity in
NATO member country Denmark: _Ugraes. Danske
Stasikontakter_, Lyngby: Holkenfeldt).
During Christmas 1999 Danish police arrested Stasi
agent "Lenz". He is an employee of the European
Union and had worked for the Danish Foreign
Ministry, and provided the communist regime in
East Berlin with secret Danish government
documents.
A German agent, Rainer Rupp, who worked under
the code name "Topas" had delivered 24 secret
reports to Stasi on Danish defense. He stole
for instance documents from NATOs Defense
Planning Committee and Defense Review
Committee.
Danish media also reported on Knud Wollenberger,
who was exposed already in 1995. From 1973 he infiltrated
Danish and American diplomatic environment in Berlin
to give the Stasi drawings of the embassies and their
security equipment. Agent "Donald", as his codename
was, had a father, who had lived in the United States.
"Donald" was found out when his wife read their file
in the Gauck Archive, and detected that her husband
had spied on her for ten years. She was a dissident.
His wife is now member of the German Parliament for
the Green Party under her maiden name, Vera Lengsfeld.
"Lenz" was member of the Communist Youth Organization
and he also infiltrated left wing organizations in Denmark
for Stasi.
During the 1980s the Social Democratic Party openly
defied NATO. This was of great interest to KGB and
Stasi. The regimes in Moscow and East Berlin were
seeking weaknesses in NATO, to exploit it. The goal
was to have Denmark leave NATO altogether.
Norway
The hunt for Stasi agents in Norway has resulted
in the exposure of agent "Lanze", a Norwegian journalist
stationed in Brussels, Stein Viksveen. He will be
charged with espionage for East Germany and
Norwegian police has raided his house in Norway
and the apartment in Brussels. He was recruited
in 1962.
Other Norwegian Stasi agents are:
1. "Cello" who might have been a Foreign Ministry
employee in Oslo. Recruited in 1974.
2. "Hein" was recruited in 1965 and is of great
interest to Norwegian counter-intelligence police
(POT). He has reported on Norwegian foreign
policy.
3. "Christoph" was recruited in 1973 and has reported
on the situation in Norway.
4. "Harry" was recruited in 1969 and has delivered
information on Norway and the European Security
Conference
5. "Toeppfer" was recruited in 1966 and has delivered
material on the foreign policy of East German and its
relation to West European nations.
6. "Akker" was recruited in 1966 and delivered reports
on meetings between social democratic leaders in Europe.
7. Sydow" was recruited in 1980 and delivered economic
reports to Stasi.
The Russian Intelligence Problem
One of the concerns in Scandinavia over the Stasi agents,
especially those recruited in the 1980s, is that they might
have been taken over by Russian intelligence and are still
operating out of Scandinavia.
However, during 2000 the United States has promised to
hand over 320,000 Stasi files, that US agencies managed
to buy from high ranking Stasi officials in 1989. These
Stasi officers were seeking an "extra" pension. This
might
lead to further revelations on Stasi agents operating in
Scandinavia and other countries in West Europe.